|
Home Tailbox Photos Carbon Fork M5 Carbon Links Frame Concept Custom Bike Custom 2 Custom 3 Custom 4 Custom 5 Final Pictures VK1 - A VK1 - B VK1 Built Up VK2 XPORT CLR XPORT 2 XPORT 3 XPORT 4 I'm Back! My Benz VKHi
| |
|
April 14, 2004 |
|
Picking up
where I left off, the main frame will be similar to that used in my Baron
Clone, but will be more robust in the headset area (similar to the Velokraft
VK-2), and in the area under the seat just below the butt. There is where I
had to reinforce the BC, and paid for it in the weight department. It will
also be shorter to allow for transport disassembly. I will also use a new
carbon construction method. With the BC, I made a male plug, made a female
impression of each half in fiberglass, then, I made a carbon shell from the
female form using expandable foam. In the new method I will make a male
plug, I will then drape two layers of uninterrupted carbon directly over
that male form creating a shell of each side. After curing I will then
strengthen the interior of each half so that the shell remains perfectly
smooth on the outside, with the strengthening imperfections on the inside
and thus invisible. As I am into construction, I will say that I am very
excited with this method. It is a method that homebuilders can use to get
accurate and impressive results. Also new is the presentation of my
progress. Many have requested that I show more detail of the construction
process. The following PICS and discussion is an attempt to show more
detail as work progresses. |
 |
 |
 |
|
These PICS
show the new male plug (in gray) and the BC extra frame in raw carbon next
to each other. The new form was made by building up a foam part that was
made in the BC mold to test the mold’s capability (see the last PIC from the
XPort January 28 update). I glued 1/64 inch plywood to the middle of each
foam half. The areas where I wanted to increase the depth of the new plug
extended past the original foam male part. Bondo and various fillers were
used to create the form that I wanted. This will be more obvious in the next
set of photos. Also see that I cut off the rear as that is where the
removable rear portion will be attached. The various colors are the
different materials used to obtain a smooth shape. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
After many hours of
filling and shaping and sanding, the two halves were split (using a very
thin kerf Japanese saw) into a right and left side. These PICS show the
middle portion of each plug half and the 1/64 inch plywood that was glued to
the right and left sides. In detail you can see the headset area where I
extended past the plywood. This occurred because when forming a shape,
one’s eye (mine in this case) and fingers tells you where a smooth shape
must be filled (or reduced) to create a smooth molded and faired
shape.
The two halves were
then put on a backing board. These plug halves will be the direct mold for
the carbon. Please note that the halves were elevated from the backing
boards by the thickness of a one inch piece of pine. The reason for this is
that when molding the carbon material to the two halves, I did not want any
curvature of carbon where the two halves will eventually come together,
i.e., the carbon must fall vertically without trying to conform to the
backing board. |
 |
|
The two halves
were then given many coats of wax and buffed. When a coat of was is
applied, one can see the smoothness of the male plug. You can never get it
smooth enough to ensure separation of carbon and plug, however. They are
now ready for the carbon to be applied. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
A word on the
carbon that was used here! I wanted an uninterrupted shell (therefore an
uninterrupted piece of carbon on the plug) so that the surface would be
smooth with no undulations of any sort. Undulations and distortions would
be caused by cutting the carbon in pieces and overlapping it on the male
plug. I choose a 4X4 Twill Carbon which was 8.3 oz and dresses out to
approximately .016 inches. I used two layers which resulted in an overall
thickness of .032 inches. I chose that material because it is very drapable
and conforms to curves more easily than other weaves. I also used a very
wide piece (like 10 inches) to insure that the same piece (actually two)
could be made to fit over the part that was to be formed. This made for
more waste than normal. I could have made the shell with 3 narrower pieces
of the carbon, but then the overlapping areas would cause interruptions on
the surface of the frame.
I cut two 10
inch wide X 50 inches long of carbon, placed them on a flat surface and
applied a generous amount of resin. The carbon was put on wax paper. I
then vacuum bagged the carbon with peel ply on one side of the carbon, and
generous blotting material on the other. With 20 inches of vacuum I removed
most of the resin over a period of approximately 15 minutes. I used a slow
cure epoxy resin to ensure that gelling would not occur at this time. I
then put the material (carefully) over the male plug and formed it to the
shape. At this time an inordinate amount of time is spent insuring that the
carbon adheres to all surfaces of the male plug. The peel ply faced outward
and the raw carbon is against the waxed mold.
The first and
second photos show the result after curing and still on the backing board.
The first is with the peel ply, and the second with it removed. The next
two photos show the part removed from the backing board and the male plug
removed. The PICS show the outside and the inside. The last photo shows
the inside of the mold with the plug still in the shell and the wood that
was used to elevate the plug from the backing board. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
These PICS
show the frame half after all trimming has been done. The shell has
consistently thickness throughout the piece, it is extremely smooth and IMHO
the results are spectacular. There are no highs or lows on the surface.
After some minor wet sanding and a light coat of clear, this will look as
perfectly smooth as any factory part. I cannot praise this method enough
and consider it very acceptable as a homebuilder method (but not for
production). Allow me to evaluate the two methods at this point. The first
was laying carbon in a female mold and injecting expandable foam. The
second is this method which is laying carbon on a male part. The
disadvantages of the female mold/foam are:
- All layers must be applied before
the foam is injected. This means the outer layers of carbon as well as
the strengthening layers. You will see this strengthening process in a
bit. In order to accommodate this, you must work like crazy
to complete before the resin begins to cure. You don’t answer the phone,
nor do you take coffee breaks, nor do you go to the bathroom! In the male
mold method, you are only applying a single layer (actually two, a double
layer) and have more time to ensure that the carbon is forming to the
mold. The strengthening will be done after curing, so you are making it a
two part process instead of one.
- The expanding foam creates so much
pressure that it infiltrates the actual carbon. There is a lot of
experimenting that must be done to prevent this. While this does not seem
to be a problem with my BC (going strong after 8,000 miles), it does not
look good, and that is why I applied paint and filler (to make the bike
look good) to the bike. This added weight! I estimate more than 1 pound
on my BC.
- While it is difficult to conceive,
foam is not light. A two pound (per cubic foot) expanding foam interior
adds a great deal of weight. You are better off strength wise to add
extra carbon in lieu of foam, with added blocks of balsa wood where
penetrations occur. This latter point will be shown later.
|
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
These PICS
show the main frame in daylight. The color variation in the carbon,
especially at the headset area, is not a thickness factor, but is caused by
the peel ply. This will go away when I sand the outside. The weight at
this time is 350 grams for both halves.
Now please
allow me to pontificate on carbon finish. I have heard many say that they
love the “look” of 3D carbon. That is when one can look deeply into the
finish and see the carbon weave below the surface. This can be done in a
mold by applying a heavy gel coat. This gel does not contribute to the
strength of the part, but rather makes it look good. I like the look of raw
carbon, or a light coat of clear where the weave is still visible. This
makes for minimal weight gain. |
 |
|
This is the
strengthening schedule. In the lower portion of the photo there are two
layers of 5.7 oz plain weave carbon that will dress out to .009 inches thick
each. These two layers, however, are cut on the bias so the fibers are 45
degrees to the frame. Each layer will be cut in 3 pieces and overlapped.
In the top portion there are 3 pieces of 1 ˝ inch X .020 (dressed)
unidirectional carbon tape. Also each piece will be cut to conform to the
curvature of the frame. In the top left is the same material as the pre
mentioned tape, but in a wider width. This will be used in critical areas
such as bottom bracket, headset and rear connection area. The two remaining
pieces are a mat type weave (shorter piece) and a heavy duty 12K carbon
Twill, both to be used in critical areas. The mat is 12 oz and dresses out
to .016; the latter is 19.7 oz and dresses out to .030. This is considered
a workhorse, but must be used only as necessary because it is heavy. |
 |
 |
 |
|
These PICS
show the extra strengthening carbon applied to the interior of the shell.
While it is not obvious to look at these photos and see the lack of smooth
surface, it is there in spades. And, if one were to try to even get a
smooth surface with all of the overlapping layers, it would require a great
deal of sanding, filling (weight), and then painting to cover the blemishes
(even more weight). The nominal overall thickness of the final shell is
approximately .075 inches. In the critical areas, I would guess (I will
confirm when I drill holes) the thickness is in the order of .100-.125
inches. |
 |
 |
 |
 |
|
This is the
final step before the two halves are to come together. Balsa blocks are
epoxied in the shells so that penetrations can be inserted. Looking at the
photo, the two blocks on the left are for the rear bolts which will hold the
rear of the bike to the main frame. This would be the rear stays and the
rear seat support. Forward of that is for the front seat brace. The block
at the headset is for the headset tube as well as for the power idler
(remember this is a FWD). Just forward of that is a block which will reduce
torsion bending in the main boom, and the extreme right is for the bottom
bracket. Weight wise I am now at a little over 1000 grams for both halves.
This is lower than I was with the BC at the same time. I predict that if
the weight penalty for the wheel drive does not become excessive, the total
bike will be in the lower 20 pound range.
Next, I will
join the halves and begin construction on the rear portion. |
|